相对于其他控制方式，通过股权比例控制是非常硬”的控制方式，当 然也是“非常真金白银”的控制方式。实力才是硬道理，“枪杆子里出政权”，这里的“枪杆子”就是股权比例。要理解如何通过股权比例来实施控制权，就必须了解一些事项，比如：股权52%与51%有什么区别？下面
山东股权设计公司为您分析：
Compared to other control methods, controlling through equity ratio is a very hard "control method, and of course, it is also a" very real gold and silver "control method. Strength is the absolute principle, and 'power comes from the barrel of the gun', where 'barrel of the gun' refers to the proportion of equity. To understand how to implement control through equity ratio, it is necessary to understand some matters, such as: What is the difference between 52% equity and 51% equity? Below, Shandong Equity Design Company will analyze for you:
在实际股权设计中，为什么建议“建议用52%而不是51%”作为这一阶段的绝对控制线呢?因为假设下一阶段上市股改，需要稀释10%;公开上市，为流通股留出25%的稀释空间。经过两次稀释后，大股东还剩下52%*65%=33.8%的股份，而51%*65%=33.15%。
Why is it recommended to use 52% instead of 51% as the absolute control line for this stage in actual equity design? Because assuming that the next stage of listing and share reform requires a dilution of 10%; Public listing, leaving a 25% dilution space for circulating stocks. After two dilutions, the majority shareholder still has 52% * 65%=33.8% of the shares, while 51% * 65%=33.15%.
上市后，3.8%和33.315%绝对有能然不同的作用，因为两者之间正好有一道33.4%的相对控制权线(安全控制线)，
After going public, 3.8% and 33.315% have absolutely different effects, as there happens to be a 33.4% relative control line (safety control line) between the two,
在公司生死攸关的时候可以有票否决权。当然，这是假设上市股政稀释10%、公开发行稀释25%的整数情况。这也是一种理想状况或者理论状况。
When the company's life and death are at stake, there is a veto power. Of course, this is an integer scenario that assumes a dilution of 10% for listed stocks and a dilution of 25% for public offerings. This is also an ideal or theoretical situation.
股权52％与51％的区别：
The difference between 52% and 51% equity:
1、掌握控股权不同：股权52％拥有的股权越多，掌握的控制权就越牢固。通常，把持有67％以上的股权称为“绝对控制权”，因为这代表着管理层拥有了三分之二的表决权。股权51％掌握的控制权相对股权52％的较少；
1. Holding control is different: the more equity 52% holds, the stronger the control. Usually, holding more than 67% of the equity is referred to as "absolute control" because it represents that the management has two-thirds of the voting rights. 51% of the equity holds less control compared to 52% of the equity;
2、表决权不同：股权52％比股权51％的表决权多。通过构建持股实体，以间接加强管理层的控制力，是三种方式中非常为复杂但也更为稳定可靠的方式。常见的操作方式是：管理层设立一家有限责任公司或有限合伙企业作为目标公司的持股实体，同时成为该公司的法定代表人、唯一的董事、唯一的普通合伙人或执行事务合伙人，非常后达成掌握目标公司表决权的效果。
2. Different voting rights: 52% equity has more voting rights than 51% equity. Building a shareholding entity to indirectly strengthen management's control is a very complex but also more stable and reliable approach among the three methods. The common way of operation is that the management establishes a limited liability company or limited partnership as the shareholding entity of the target company, and at the same time becomes the legal representative, the only director, the only General partner or the executive partner of the company, so as to achieve the effect of controlling the voting rights of the target company.
公司股东分类：
Classification of Company Shareholders:
1、隐名股东和显名股东：以出资的实际情况与登记记载是否一致，我们把公司股东分为隐名股东和显名股东。隐名股东是指虽然实际出资认缴、认购公司出资额或股份，但在公司章程、股东名册和工商登记等材料中却记载为他人的投资者，隐名股东又称为隐名投资人、实际出资人；
1. Anonymous shareholders and named shareholders: Based on whether the actual situation of investment is consistent with the registration records, we divide the company's shareholders into anonymous shareholders and named shareholders. Anonymous shareholders refer to investors who, although actually subscribed or subscribed for the company's capital or shares, are recorded as others in the company's articles of association, shareholder register, and business registration documents. Anonymous shareholders are also known as anonymous investors or actual investors;
2、个人股东和机构股东：以股东主体身份来分，可分机构股东和个人股东。机构股东指享有股东权的法人和其他组织。机构股东包括各类公司、各类全民和集体所有制企业、各类非营利法人和基金等机构和组织。个人股东是指一般的自然人股东；
2. Individual shareholders and institutional shareholders: can be divided into institutional shareholders and individual shareholders based on their main shareholder identity. Institutional shareholders refer to legal persons and other organizations that enjoy shareholder rights. Institutional shareholders include various types of companies, state-owned and collectively owned enterprises, non-profit legal persons, funds, and other institutions and organizations. Individual shareholders refer to general natural person shareholders;
3、创始股东与一般股东：以获得股东资格时间和条件等来分，可分为创始股东与一般股东。创始股东是指为组织、设立公司、签署设立协议或者在公司章程上签字盖章，认缴出资，并对公司设立承担相应责任的人。创始股东也叫原始股东。一般股东指因出资、继承、接受赠与而取得公司出资或者股权，并因而享有股东权利、承担股东义务的人；
3. Founding shareholders and general shareholders: can be divided into founding shareholders and general shareholders based on the time and conditions for obtaining shareholder qualifications. The founding shareholder refers to the person who organizes, establishes a company, signs an establishment agreement, or signs and seals the company's articles of association, subscribes to capital contributions, and assumes corresponding responsibilities for the establishment of the company. The founding shareholder is also known as the original shareholder. General shareholders refer to those who acquire company capital or equity through contribution, inheritance, or donation, and thus enjoy shareholder rights and assume shareholder obligations;
4、控股股东与非控股股东：以股东持股的数量与影响力来分，可分为控股股东与非控股股东。控股股东又分绝对控股股东与相对控股股东。控股股东，是指其出资额占有限责任资本总额50％或依其出资额所享有的表决权已足以对股东、股东大会的决议产生重大影响的股东。更多相关内容就来我们网站
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4. Controlling shareholders and non controlling shareholders: can be divided into controlling shareholders and non controlling shareholders based on the number and influence of shareholder holdings. The controlling shareholders are divided into absolute controlling shareholders and relative controlling shareholders. Controlling shareholder refers to a shareholder whose capital contribution accounts for 50% of the total limited liability capital or whose voting rights based on their capital contribution are sufficient to have a significant impact on the resolutions of shareholders or shareholders' meetings. For more related content, come to our website http://www.lushangyun.com Consult!
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