股权激励方案落地执行
十年股权整理解决方案落地实施

公司章程的法律价值，本质是法律赋予企业的“权利凭证”与“行为准则”。章程中的每一条约定，都关乎企业的合法存续。简单说公司章程的价值是“正名、立规、定界”。

The legal value of a company's articles of association is essentially the "rights certificate" and "code of conduct" granted to the enterprise by law. Every provision in the articles of association is related to the legal existence of the enterprise. Simply put, the value of a company's articles of association is to "establish a proper name, set rules, and define boundaries".

1.公司设立的“必备前提”，缺一不可

1. The "essential prerequisites" for the establishment of a company are indispensable

《公司法》第5条明确规定：“设立公司应当依法制定公司章程。”这意味着，公司章程是公司设立的法定必备文件，没有它，工商注册无法完成，公司就无法获得合法法人资格。公司章程就是公司的“法律身份证”。

Article 5 of the Company Law clearly stipulates that "the establishment of a company shall formulate its articles of association in accordance with the law." This means that the articles of association are the legally necessary documents for the establishment of a company. Without them, the industrial and commercial registration cannot be completed, and the company cannot obtain legal personality. The company's articles of association are the "legal identity card" of the company.

换一个角度，从“公司章程”在《公司法》出现词频中也可以看出其重要性。

From a different perspective, the importance of the term 'articles of association' can also be seen from its frequent appearance in the Company Law.

《公司法》266个条文中，“公司章程”一词出现了114次，覆盖33.5%的条文，其中在“有限责任公司的设立与组织机构”章节，更是占了54.8%的条文，足以见得法律对其重视程度。

Among the 266 articles of the Company Law, the term "articles of association" appears 114 times, covering 33.5% of the articles. Among them, the chapter on "establishment and organizational structure of limited liability companies" accounts for 54.8% of the articles, which shows the importance that the law attaches to it.

实务中，无论公司股东更换，经营范围变更时修订章程，还是各类企业注册时提交章程，都印证了这一点：没有章程，公司就没有“出生”的资格。

In practice, whether it is the change of company shareholders, the revision of articles of association when the business scope changes, or the submission of articles of association when registering various enterprises, all confirm this point: without articles of association, the company does not have the qualification to be "born".

2.股东自治的“核心契约”，兼顾自由与边界

2. The 'core contract' of shareholder autonomy, balancing freedom and boundaries

公司法本质是私法也是组织法，核心是“公司自治”。而公司章程就是股东实现自治的核心载体，它是股东之间的一份“契约”，也是共同行动的“纲领”，既体现股东的共同意志，又为股东权利行使划定边界。

The essence of company law is both private law and organizational law, with the core being "corporate autonomy". The company's articles of association are the core carrier for shareholders to achieve autonomy. They are a "contract" between shareholders and a "program" for joint action, reflecting the common will of shareholders and delineating boundaries for the exercise of shareholder rights.

初始章程由公司发起人共同制定，体现原始股东的意愿；公司成立后，股东可依法修改章程，适配公司发展需求。

The initial articles of association are jointly formulated by the initiators of the company, reflecting the wishes of the original shareholders; After the establishment of the company, shareholders may modify the articles of association in accordance with the law to meet the development needs of the company.

比如中国石化将党建工作要求写入公司章程，以99.96%的高票获得境内外股东支持，既落实了政策要求，也体现了股东自治的共识，成为完善公司治理的标志性举措。

For example, Sinopec has written the requirements for party building work into its articles of association, which has won the support of domestic and foreign shareholders with a high vote of 99.96%. This not only implements policy requirements but also reflects the consensus of shareholder autonomy, becoming a landmark measure to improve corporate governance.

现代公司法不断减少公司章程的强制性条款，扩大任意记载事项。股东不仅能在法定范围内自由约定事项，还能排除法律的预设性安排，比如约定股东分红比例、股权转让条件等，为公司的多元化发展和治理提供了空间。

Modern company law continuously reduces mandatory clauses in company articles of association and expands arbitrary recorded items. Shareholders can not only freely agree on matters within the legal scope, but also exclude predetermined arrangements of the law, such as agreeing on shareholder dividend ratios, equity transfer conditions, etc., providing space for the diversified development and governance of the company.

但需注意，章程约定不能违反法律强制性规定，否则可能被认定无效，比如约定“股东不得转让股权”，就违反了《公司法》股权转让自由原则，不具有法律效力。

However, it should be noted that the articles of association cannot violate mandatory legal provisions, otherwise they may be deemed invalid. For example, the provision that "shareholders are not allowed to transfer equity" violates the principle of freedom of equity transfer in the Company Law and has no legal effect.

现实中不少中小企业创业者都曾踩过坑，比如一家小型艺术培训公司的五位股东，注册时照搬章程模板，未在章程中约定分红规则，仅靠微信群达成口头分红合意，在公司盈利后擅自分配款项，甚至动用学员学费和股东出资款分红。

In reality, many small and medium-sized enterprise entrepreneurs have fallen into a trap. For example, the five shareholders of a small art training company copied the template of the articles of association when registering, did not agree on the dividend rules in the articles of association, and only reached a verbal dividend agreement through WeChat groups. After the company made profits, they distributed funds without authorization, and even used student tuition fees and shareholder contributions to distribute dividends.

最终因未提取法定公积金、未形成股东会分红决议，被院判决返还全部分红款。原本亲密的合伙人反目成仇，公司也因资金链断裂陷入经营危机。这个案例警醒我们，章程的缺失，意味着规则的混乱，背后是股东权益无法保障。

In the end, due to the failure to withdraw the statutory reserve fund and the failure to form a shareholder meeting dividend resolution, the court ruled to return all dividend payments. The originally close partners turned against each other, and the company also fell into a business crisis due to a broken funding chain. This case serves as a warning to us that the lack of articles of association means confusion in rules, and behind it lies the inability to protect shareholder rights.

3.纠纷解决的“法定依据”，定分止争

3. The "legal basis" for dispute resolution and the termination of disputes

公司章程是处理公司内部纠纷的“最高权威”。章程之于公司，犹如宪法之于国家。

The company's articles of association are the "highest authority" for handling internal disputes within the company. The articles of association are to a company what the constitution is to a country.

在公司内部的各项规章制度、文件决议中，章程居于最高地位，具有最高效力，一切与章程抵触的文件内容都是无效的，一切不符合章程规定的行为都是违规的。

Among the various rules, regulations, and resolutions within the company, the articles of association hold the highest position and have the highest effectiveness. Any content that conflicts with the articles of association is invalid, and any behavior that does not comply with the provisions of the articles of association is illegal.

《公司法》第26条规定，公司股东会、董事会决议内容或程序违反章程的，股东可在60日内请求法院撤销。

Article 26 of the Company Law stipulates that if the resolutions or procedures of the shareholders' meeting or board of directors of a company violate the articles of association, shareholders may request the court to revoke them within 60 days.

深圳前海法院曾审结一起案件，原告主张十多年前的股东会决议不成立，理由是未收到通知、未参与决议。

The Qianhai Court in Shenzhen once concluded a case, in which the plaintiff claimed that the resolution of the shareholders' meeting more than ten years ago was not valid, citing the lack of notification and participation in the resolution.

但法院考量到公司已依据该决议正常运营十余年，且原告长期知悉公司变更情况却未提出异议，最终驳回原告诉求。

However, the court considered that the company had been operating normally for more than ten years based on the resolution, and the plaintiff had long been aware of the changes in the company but did not raise any objections, and ultimately rejected the original claim.

这背后，正是章程作为纠纷裁判依据的体现，既维护了公司经营秩序，也平衡了股东个体权利与企业公共利益。

Behind this is the embodiment of the articles of association as the basis for dispute resolution, which not only maintains the order of company operation, but also balances the individual rights of shareholders and the public interests of the enterprise.

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